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exercises:2014_ethz_mmm:mo_ethene

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Molecular orbitals of Ethene

In this exercise, you will perform an electronic structure calculation to obtain the ethene molecular orbitals (MOs).

If performed correctly, your calculations will produce a list of occupied and non occupied MOs and a series of *.cube files, that allow the visualization of the oribital with VMD.

1. Step

Run a calculation with the following (commented) input file.
Note that the file contains explicit basis sets and potential for all-electron calculations. An explanation of the basis set formats is given here: Basis Sets

ethene.inp
 
&GLOBAL
  PROJECT ethene
  RUN_TYPE ENERGY
  PRINT_LEVEL MEDIUM
&END GLOBAL

&FORCE_EVAL
  METHOD Quickstep              ! Electronic structure method (DFT,...)
  &DFT
    &PRINT
      &MO_CUBES                 ! Controls the printing of the MOs in the output and in the *.cube files
      NHOMO 5                   ! Number of HOMOs to be printed (count starts from the highest occupied orbital. -1 = all). Here 5.
      NLUMO 5                   ! Number of LUMOs to be printed (count starts from the lowest unoccupied orbital). Here 5. 
      &END MO_CUBES
    &END PRINT
    &POISSON                    ! Solver requested for non periodic calculations
      PERIODIC NONE
      PSOLVER  WAVELET          ! Type of solver
    &END POISSON
    &QS                         ! Parameters needed to set up the Quickstep framework
      METHOD GAPW               ! Method: gaussian and augmented plane waves 
    &END QS

    &SCF                        ! Parameters controlling the convergence of the scf. This section should not be changed. 
      MAX_ITER_LUMOS 10000
      EPS_SCF 1.0E-6
      SCF_GUESS ATOMIC
      MAX_SCF 60
      EPS_LUMOS  0.000001
      &OUTER_SCF
        EPS_SCF 1.0E-6
        MAX_SCF 6
      &END
    &END SCF

    &XC                        ! Parametes needed to compute the electronic exchange potential 
      &XC_FUNCTIONAL NONE      ! No xc functional
      &END XC_FUNCTIONAL
      &HF                      ! Hartree Fock exchange. In this case is 100% (no fraction specified).   
        &SCREENING             ! Screening of the electronic repulsion up to the given threshold.               
          EPS_SCHWARZ 1.0E-10  ! Threshold specification
        &END SCREENING
      &END HF
    &END XC
  &END DFT

  &SUBSYS
    &CELL
      ABC 10 10 10
      PERIODIC NONE              ! Non periodic calculations. That's why the POISSON scetion is needed 
    &END CELL
    &TOPOLOGY                    ! Section used to center the atomic coordinates in the given box. Useful for big molecules
      &CENTER_COORDINATES
      &END
    &END
    &COORD
    C         -2.15324        3.98235        0.00126
    C         -0.83403        4.16252       -0.00140
    H         -0.25355        3.95641        0.89185
    H         -0.33362        4.51626       -0.89682
    H         -2.65364        3.62861        0.89669
    H         -2.73371        4.18846       -0.89198
    &END COORD
    &KIND H                    ! Basis set and potential for H
     &BASIS
  2
  1  0  0  3  1
         18.73113700          0.03349460
          2.82539370          0.23472695
          0.64012170          0.81375733
  1  0  0  1  1
          0.16127780          1.00000000
     &END
     POTENTIAL ALL
     &POTENTIAL
     1    0    0
     0.20000000    0
     &END
    &END KIND
    &KIND C                    ! Basis set and potential for C
     &BASIS
  4
  1  0  0  6  1
       3047.52490000          0.00183470
        457.36951000          0.01403730
        103.94869000          0.06884260
         29.21015500          0.23218440
          9.28666300          0.46794130
          3.16392700          0.36231200
  1  0  1  3  1  1
          7.86827240         -0.11933240          0.06899910
          1.88128850         -0.16085420          0.31642400
          0.54424930          1.14345640          0.74430830
  1  0  1  1  1  1
          0.16871440          1.00000000          1.00000000
  1  2  2  1  1
          0.80000000          1.00000000
     &END
     POTENTIAL ALL
     &POTENTIAL
     4    2    0
     0.34883045    0   
     &END
    &END KIND
  &END SUBSYS
&END FORCE_EVAL

2. Step

If the calculation was performed correctly, a list of ALL the occupied MOs and 3 (as specified in the input)unoccupied MOs eigenvalues are printed in the output.
The ethene band gap (energy difference between HOMO and LUMO) is also printed.

  **** **** ******  **  PROGRAM STARTED AT               
 ***** ** ***  *** **   PROGRAM STARTED ON                   
 **    ****   ******    PROGRAM STARTED BY                               
 ***** **    ** ** **   PROGRAM PROCESS ID                                 
  **** **  *******  **  PROGRAM STARTED IN                    

.....
  Eigenvalues of the occupied subspace spin            1
 ---------------------------------------------
list of eigenvalues
....

  Lowest Eigenvalues of the unoccupied subspace spin            1
 -----------------------------------------------------
list of eigenvalues
.....

 HOMO - LUMO gap [eV] :   
......


  **** **** ******  **  PROGRAM ENDED AT                 
 ***** ** ***  *** **   PROGRAM RAN ON                       
 **    ****   ******    PROGRAM RAN BY                                  
 ***** **    ** ** **   PROGRAM PROCESS ID                                 
  **** **  *******  **  PROGRAM STOPPED IN                   
Note that the eigenvalues are given in Eh , while the Band gap is given in eV.

3. Step

In addition to the list of eigenvalues ( printed directly in the output file) a series of *.cube files is generated.
The number of cubes strictly depends on what you have specified in the PRINT_MO section. No extra files are generated (while in the output a default list of all the occupied MOs eigenvalues is anyway produced.)
∗.cube files report the structure of a given MO and can be visualized with VMD:

  • To run vmd: vmd ethene-WFN_00008_1-1_0.cub
  • To visualize the moelcule (sometimes the default settings are not visible with VMD in Brutus):
    Graphics > Representations > Draw style > Drawing Method: CPK
  • To visualize the MO structure in VMD:
    Graphics > Representations > Draw style > Drawing Method: Isosurfaces
  • In Isosurfaces, set Draw to “Wireframe” (other formats may not be visible with VMD in Brutus)
  • In Isosurfaces, set Isovalue to 0.1, 0.01 …

Questions

- Quickly sketch the energy distribution for the occupied MOs and the five unoccupied MOs.
- By using VMD, identify the shape and energy of the π and π* orbitals.

exercises/2014_ethz_mmm/mo_ethene.1395935263.txt.gz · Last modified: 2020/08/21 10:14 (external edit)