Table of Contents

Maximally Localized Wannier Functions

In this exercise we will explore alternative ways to divide the electronic densities into orbitals. By requiring that orbitals should be as localized as possible one obtains a representation, which closely resembles the typical text-book pictures of molecular orbitals.

You should run these calculations on 4 nodes with bsub -n 4.

1. Task: Caffeine Molecule

Calculate the electronic ground state of the Caffeine molecule by running the provided input file. The simulation will output:

2. Task: Water Box

Repeat the previous calculation on a box of 64 water molecules. You can use the following SUBSYS-section. Since the water simulation uses periodic boundary condition, don't forget to turn off the Poisson solver.

&SUBSYS
    &CELL  
       ABC 12.4544808085 12.4544808085 12.4544808085
    &END CELL
    &COORD
@INCLUDE '64water.coord' 
    &END COORD
...
&END SUBSYS

Questions

  1. Visualize some of the MO and Wannier functions with vmd. What is the key difference between these two kinds of orbitals?
  2. Visualize the Wannier centers in vmd. How can you distinguish between lone pairs, single-, and double-bonds?
Howto visualize cube files with VMD was covered in a previous exercise.

Initially VMD does not know about the dimensions of the simulations cell. To setup, e.g. a 15Å qubic box, just type the following into vmd's Tk-console:

vmd> pbc set {15.0 15.0 15.0}
vmd> pbc wrap

Required Files

64water.coord.gz

caffeine.inp
&GLOBAL
  PROJECT caffeine
  RUN_TYPE ENERGY
&END GLOBAL

&FORCE_EVAL
  &DFT
    ! Output all occupied molecular orbitals as cube-files
    &PRINT
      &MO_CUBES
         NHOMO -1
      &END MO_CUBES
    &END PRINT
    
    ! Calculate the maximally localized Wannier functions
    &LOCALIZE
      METHOD CRAZY
      EPS_LOCALIZATION 1.0E-8
      &PRINT
        ! Output the Wannier functions as cube-files
        &WANNIER_CUBES
        &END
        ! Output the centers of all Wannier functions as xyz-file
        &WANNIER_CENTERS
           IONS+CENTERS .TRUE.
        &END
      &END
    &END      
    
    ! exchange correlation functional
    &XC
      &XC_FUNCTIONAL PBE
      &END XC_FUNCTIONAL
    &END XC

    ! Poisson solver required for non-periodic calculation
    &POISSON
      PERIODIC NONE
      PSOLVER  WAVELET
    &END POISSON

! ============ SCF fine tuning ============
    &MGRID
      CUTOFF     400
    &END MGRID
    &QS
      EPS_DEFAULT 1.0E-10
    &END QS
    &SCF
      SCF_GUESS ATOMIC
      EPS_SCF 1.0E-7
      MAX_SCF 30
      &OT
        MINIMIZER CG
        PRECONDITIONER FULL_SINGLE_INVERSE
      &END
      &OUTER_SCF
        EPS_SCF  1.0E-7
        MAX_SCF  4
      &END
    &END SCF
! ============ End of SCF fine tuning ============

  &END DFT

&SUBSYS
    &CELL
      ABC 15.0  15.0  15.0
      PERIODIC NONE
    &END CELL
    &TOPOLOGY
      &CENTER_COORDINATES
      &END
    &END TOPOLOGY

    &COORD
       H     4.4169009427        5.7654974925        7.9758408247
       N     8.6708423642        5.8343946244        6.6347213084
       C     7.7544572660        7.7275482372        7.8213939469
       N     6.3919654318        5.8642629272        7.3568679126
       C     6.4494839543        7.1525402940        7.9597387862
       C     7.4402138371        5.1755331540        6.7117923744
       C     8.8064058483        7.0850033638        7.1845597858
       N     8.2778986769        8.9446280562        8.2382523594
       O     7.2643506988        4.0529962930        6.2454118622
       C     5.1156137682        5.1424213782        7.4120564649
       O     5.4684099858        7.6593220497        8.5167253955
       H    10.2341485900        9.7932463989        8.0304114260
       C     9.7967248636        5.1907999513        5.9591641231
       H     5.2562171072        4.1726515030        7.9014364748
       H     4.7402775185        4.9652043967        6.3976240445
       H    10.6401430351        5.0886560185        6.6519804958
       H    10.1151718438        5.7973815083        5.1027558576
       H     9.4549428018        4.2086990850        5.6240133244
       C     7.5708564616        9.9966158796        8.9691451507
       C     9.5777006425        8.9511038401        7.8331053451
       N     9.9406928680        7.8388520756        7.1872221397
       H     7.5517578349       10.9193467788        8.3771079019
       H     8.0665429481       10.1847691445        9.9288020634
       H     6.5474923450        9.6514720878        9.1444003294
    &END COORD

    &KIND H
      BASIS_SET         TZV2P-GTH
      POTENTIAL         GTH-PBE-q1
    &END KIND
    &KIND C
      BASIS_SET          TZV2P-GTH
      POTENTIAL          GTH-PBE-q4
    &END KIND
    &KIND N
      BASIS_SET          TZV2P-GTH
      POTENTIAL          GTH-PBE-q5
    &END KIND
    &KIND O
      BASIS_SET          TZV2P-GTH
      POTENTIAL          GTH-PBE-q6
    &END KIND
  &END SUBSYS
&END FORCE_EVAL
BASIS_SET
H TZV2P-GTH
  2
  1  0  0  5  3
       10.8827241585  -0.0167058885   0.0000000000   0.0000000000
        3.0968750876  -0.0627538300   0.0000000000   0.0000000000
        0.9874518162  -0.1917521975   0.0000000000   0.0000000000
        0.3450687533  -0.4173635232   1.0000000000   0.0000000000
        0.1492693554  -0.4270508887   0.0000000000   1.0000000000
  2  1  1  2  2
        1.4070000000   1.0000000000   0.0000000000
        0.3880000000   0.0000000000   1.0000000000
#
C TZV2P-GTH
  2
  2  0  1  5  3  3
        5.3685662937   0.0974901974   0.0000000000   0.0000000000  -0.0510969367   0.0000000000   0.0000000000
        1.9830691554   0.1041996677   0.0000000000   0.0000000000  -0.1693035193   0.0000000000   0.0000000000
        0.6978346167  -0.3645093878   0.0000000000   0.0000000000  -0.3579933930   0.0000000000   0.0000000000
        0.2430968816  -0.6336931464   1.0000000000   0.0000000000  -0.4327616531   1.0000000000   0.0000000000
        0.0812865018  -0.1676727564   0.0000000000   1.0000000000  -0.2457672757   0.0000000000   1.0000000000
  3  2  2  2  2
        1.0970000000   1.0000000000   0.0000000000
        0.3180000000   0.0000000000   1.0000000000
#
N TZV2P-GTH
  2
  2  0  1  5  3  3
        7.6227447102   0.0983924689   0.0000000000   0.0000000000  -0.0561654555   0.0000000000   0.0000000000
        2.7970605447   0.1045217098   0.0000000000   0.0000000000  -0.1798165209   0.0000000000   0.0000000000
        0.9909765447  -0.3742661352   0.0000000000   0.0000000000  -0.3653986185   0.0000000000   0.0000000000
        0.3417314862  -0.6278094034   1.0000000000   0.0000000000  -0.4259126207   1.0000000000   0.0000000000
        0.1116822743  -0.1675236192   0.0000000000   1.0000000000  -0.2366040346   0.0000000000   1.0000000000
  3  2  2  2  2
        1.6540000000   1.0000000000   0.0000000000
        0.4690000000   0.0000000000   1.0000000000
#
O TZV2P-GTH
  2
  2  0  1  5  3  3
       10.2674419938   0.0989598460   0.0000000000   0.0000000000  -0.0595856940   0.0000000000   0.0000000000
        3.7480495696   0.1041178339   0.0000000000   0.0000000000  -0.1875649045   0.0000000000   0.0000000000
        1.3308337704  -0.3808255700   0.0000000000   0.0000000000  -0.3700707718   0.0000000000   0.0000000000
        0.4556802254  -0.6232449802   1.0000000000   0.0000000000  -0.4204922615   1.0000000000   0.0000000000
        0.1462920596  -0.1677863491   0.0000000000   1.0000000000  -0.2313901687   0.0000000000   1.0000000000
  3  2  2  2  2
        2.3140000000   1.0000000000   0.0000000000
        0.6450000000   0.0000000000   1.0000000000
POTENTIAL
H GTH-PBE-q1
    1
     0.20000000    2    -4.17890044     0.72446331
    0
#
C GTH-PBE-q4
    2    2
     0.33847124    2    -8.80367398     1.33921085
    2
     0.30257575    1     9.62248665
     0.29150694    0
#
N GTH-PBE-q5
    2    3
     0.28379052    2   -12.41522559     1.86809592
    2
     0.25540500    1    13.63026257
     0.24549453    0
#
O GTH-PBE-q6
    2    4
     0.24455430    2   -16.66721480     2.48731132
    2
     0.22095592    1    18.33745811
     0.21133247    0